Open evidence registry
Hydration evidence explorer
Inspect the claim, intended scope, calculator use, safety boundary, and named original sources behind the site.
Quick answer
WaterDailyGoal separates population reference values, peer-reviewed measurement guidance, safety boundaries, and transparent site formula choices. Each record shows what a claim supports and where it should not be stretched into diagnosis or treatment.
Showing 18 of 18 evidence records
Adult reference intakes
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
NAM and EFSA adequate-intake values describe total water from drinks plus food, not a prescription for every individual day.
- Scope
- Healthy adults in temperate conditions; sex-specific reference values are population-level anchors.
- Used by
- Provides separate population context; it does not validate the site formula or set a mandatory drinking minimum.
Applied on: methodology · water-intake-calculator
Named sources
- U.S. National Academies (IOM/NAM), 2005
Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate, Summary: water adequate intakes; drinks and food
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2010
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water, EFSA Journal 8(3):1459, abstract and conclusions
- Mayo Clinic
Weight-scaled baseline
Site assumption — not a clinical recommendation · Editorial check 2026-09-05
The site uses 33 ml/kg for the beverage midpoint, 30–40 ml/kg for alternative scenarios, additive activity settings and climate multipliers. These numeric choices are not a validated personal prescription.
- Scope
- General wellness estimate for adults; the 33 ml/kg value is a site formula choice, not a diagnostic rule.
- Used by
- Transparent planning assumptions; the cited population references do not validate the coefficients.
- Safety note
- Medical fluid restrictions, kidney/heart/liver disease, and clinician instructions override the calculator.
Applied on: water-intake-calculator-by-weight · daily-water-intake-chart-by-weight
Named sources
- U.S. National Academies (IOM/NAM), 2005
Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate, Summary: water adequate intakes; drinks and food
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2010
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water, EFSA Journal 8(3):1459, abstract and conclusions
- Mayo Clinic
Food water accounting
Site assumption — not a clinical recommendation · Editorial check 2026-09-05
The calculator separates drinking water from total water because food and other beverages can contribute meaningfully to total intake.
- Scope
- Everyday mixed diets; food-water share varies by diet, climate, appetite, and illness.
- Used by
- Keeps the headline result actionable as a drinking target while methodology explains total-water context.
Applied on: methodology · what-drinks-count
Named sources
- U.S. National Academies (IOM/NAM), 2005
Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate, Summary: water adequate intakes; drinks and food
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2010
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water, EFSA Journal 8(3):1459, abstract and conclusions
- UK NHS (Eatwell Guide)
Heat and activity
Site assumption — not a clinical recommendation · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Water needs rise with heat, humidity, physical activity, sweat, clothing, and illness, so flat glass-count advice is weak.
- Scope
- General wellness planning; heat illness symptoms require cooling and escalation, not only more drinking.
- Used by
- Explains why context matters, without attributing the site’s 0/0.3/0.6/1.0 L or 0.95/1.0/1.10 coefficients to these sources. Situational tools plan user-selected volumes.
- Safety note
- Confusion, fainting, seizures or worsening heat symptoms need cooling and urgent escalation, whether or not the person is still sweating.
Applied on: water-intake-calculator · heat-hydration-calculator
Named sources
Sweat-rate measurement
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Sweat rate varies widely, so pre/post body-weight checks are a practical way to individualize training and heat plans.
- Scope
- Exercise, sport, and hot-shift planning; repeat measurements are better than one-off guesses.
- Used by
- Supports the sweat-rate calculator, marathon page, electrolyte calculator, and heat-shift planner.
Applied on: sweat-rate-calculator
Named sources
- American College of Sports Medicine, Exercise and Fluid Replacement
- McDermott et al., NATA Position Statement, 2017
National Athletic Trainers’ Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active; individualized replacement and overdrinking
Electrolyte context
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Prolonged or heavy sweat loss can make electrolyte replacement relevant; meals, actual losses and clinical restrictions determine the context.
- Scope
- Sports and heat-work planning; sodium/potassium restrictions and blood-pressure concerns need clinician guidance.
- Used by
- Drives electrolyte decision-tree cues and sodium-loss wording without making electrolyte products a default.
- Safety note
- Electrolyte drinks should not be used to justify forced over-drinking.
Applied on: electrolyte-decision-tree · electrolyte-sodium-calculator
Named sources
- American College of Sports Medicine, Exercise and Fluid Replacement
- McDermott et al., NATA Position Statement, 2017
National Athletic Trainers’ Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active; individualized replacement and overdrinking
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Pregnancy and breastfeeding can raise fluid needs, but individual medical guidance comes first.
- Scope
- General pregnancy and lactation wellness pages; not a replacement for prenatal or postpartum care.
- Used by
- Shows clinician-first context and total-water references. No automatic pregnancy or breastfeeding drinking floor or electrolyte recommendation.
- Safety note
- Symptoms, high-risk pregnancy, vomiting, swelling, or medical restrictions should be handled with a clinician.
Applied on: water-intake-calculator-pregnancy · water-intake-while-breastfeeding-calculator
Named sources
- U.S. National Academies (IOM/NAM), 2005
Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate, Summary: water adequate intakes; drinks and food
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)
GLP-1 medication support
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
GLP-1 medication labels and patient information warn that nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and low appetite can raise dehydration concerns.
- Scope
- Medication-adjacent wellness support; the site does not advise dose changes or treatment decisions.
- Used by
- Triggers clinical warnings. Does not add litres, set a 2.7 L floor, or recommend daily salt.
- Safety note
- Persistent vomiting, diarrhea, kidney symptoms, or inability to drink should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Applied on: glp-1-water-intake-calculator
Named sources
- FDA Wegovy (semaglutide) prescribing information, 2026
Section 5.5: Acute Kidney Injury Due to Volume Depletion (PDF page 8)
- FDA Mounjaro (tirzepatide) prescribing information, 2025
Warnings and Precautions: Acute Kidney Injury Due to Volume Depletion
- MedlinePlus GLP-1 drug information
What counts as water
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Moderate coffee, tea, milk, and many water-rich drinks can contribute to fluid intake, while caffeine, sugar, and stimulants still matter.
- Scope
- General drink-counting guidance for healthy adults; sensitive groups should follow product and clinician guidance.
- Used by
- Counts actual beverage volume. The short-term BHI experiment is described with its population and endpoint; it is not used to generate effective millilitres.
Applied on: drink-hydration-index-calculator · what-drinks-count
Named sources
- Killer, Blannin & Jeukendrup, PLOS ONE 2014
- Maughan et al., Beverage Hydration Index, AJCN 2016
AJCN 103(3):717–723; abstract, methods and results (2-hour BHI and 4-hour cumulative urine)
- U.S. FDA caffeine consumer guidance
- Mayo Clinic Health System energy drinks guidance
Older-adult hydration routines
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Older adults may need more deliberate hydration prompts because heat and illness raise risk faster, and fluid needs shift with age, health, activity, and weather.
- Scope
- General wellness routines for older adults; clinician-set fluid limits override any habit target.
- Used by
- Supports the older-adult calculator, age guide, heat-wave checklist, and caregiver-friendly pacing copy.
- Safety note
- Heart, kidney, liver, sodium, and fluid-restriction instructions should be set by a clinician.
Applied on: water-intake-for-elderly-calculator
Named sources
Caffeine and stimulant boundaries
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Caffeinated drinks can count toward fluid intake in moderation, but caffeine dose, sugar, stimulants, sleep, and blood-pressure sensitivity still matter.
- Scope
- Healthy-adult drink counting; children, pregnancy, heart rhythm concerns, anxiety, and medication contexts need extra caution.
- Used by
- Supports coffee, tea, soda, energy-drink, and drink-index verdicts without presenting all drinks as equivalent to water.
Applied on: what-drinks-count/does-coffee-count-as-water
Named sources
Overdrinking and pacing
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Forcing large volumes of plain water, especially during long endurance or hot-work contexts, can be unsafe; pacing and sodium context matter.
- Scope
- General wellness and sport planning; symptoms of hyponatremia, heat illness, or worsening confusion require urgent escalation.
- Used by
- Supports high-goal warnings, hourly pacing copy, marathon guidance, electrolyte decision prompts, and the 'too much water' safety guide.
- Safety note
- The site’s 1 L/hour caution is not a universal safe ceiling. A clinician or measured sport-specific plan may require a different limit.
Applied on: how-much-water-is-too-much · blog/how-much-water-to-drink-while-exercising
Named sources
- American College of Sports Medicine, Exercise and Fluid Replacement
- McDermott et al., NATA Position Statement, 2017
National Athletic Trainers’ Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active; individualized replacement and overdrinking
- Mayo Clinic
Workplace heat planning
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Hydration plans for heat work should be paired with shade, cooling, breaks, workload changes, and escalation steps instead of relying on water alone.
- Scope
- Construction, warehouse, delivery, school, coaching, and outdoor-work guidance; it does not replace an employer heat-safety policy.
- Used by
- Supports the heat-shift planner, workplace toolkit, supervisor printables, and heat-wave checklist.
- Safety note
- Heat illness symptoms should trigger cooling and workplace or emergency procedures, not only extra fluids.
Applied on: hydration-guide/workplace-heat-hydration-toolkit · heat-shift-hydration-planner
Named sources
- CDC/NIOSH, Heat Stress Recommendations
Hydration; work/rest schedules; acclimatization
- OSHA heat exposure guidance
Heat illness escalation
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Heat illness warning signs can overlap with dehydration, but confusion, fainting, severe weakness, seizures, or worsening symptoms require cooling and urgent escalation.
- Scope
- Heat-wave, outdoor-work, warehouse, delivery, coach, teacher, sauna, and exercise-in-heat guidance; not a diagnostic checklist.
- Used by
- Keeps heat tools and guides from framing every symptom as a drink-more-water problem.
- Safety note
- Escalation and cooling come before hydration math when symptoms are severe or worsening.
Applied on: heat-hydration-calculator · sauna-hydration-calculator
Named sources
Kidney-stone hydration context
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Fluid intake is commonly part of kidney-stone prevention guidance, but stone type, diet, medications, and clinician instructions change the right plan.
- Scope
- General educational context for kidney-stone and dark-urine pages; not diagnosis, treatment, or a substitute for stone-specific care.
- Used by
- Supports cautious kidney-stone and dark-urine copy without turning the water calculator into a treatment plan.
- Safety note
- Pain, fever, vomiting, blood in urine, or known kidney disease should be handled with medical care.
Applied on: hydration-guide/hydration-for-kidney-stones
Named sources
- NIDDK kidney stones guidance
Can I help prevent kidney stones; stone-specific diet and fluid advice
- UK NHS kidney stones prevention guidance
- Mayo Clinic
UTI and urinary symptom boundaries
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Hydration can support urinary health, but UTI-like symptoms require medical judgment and should not be treated as a hydration-only issue.
- Scope
- General wellness guidance for UTI, urine-color, and dark-urine pages; not antibiotic advice or self-diagnosis.
- Used by
- Supports clinician-first warnings on urinary symptom pages and helps avoid overpromising water as a cure.
- Safety note
- Fever, chills, side or back pain, nausea, vomiting, blood in urine, pregnancy, or recurrent symptoms need prompt care.
Applied on: hydration-guide/hydration-for-uti · hydration-guide/dark-urine-hydration
Named sources
- CDC urinary tract infection guidance
Symptoms; when to seek medical care
- Mayo Clinic, urinary tract infection symptoms and causes
Symptoms; when to see a doctor
- UK NHS (Eatwell Guide)
Water and weight loss
Source summary · Editorial check 2026-09-05
A small 12-week study in 48 adults aged 55–75 tested pre-meal water with a reduced-calorie diet. It does not justify adding 1.5 L to everyone’s beverage estimate. A later controlled thermogenesis study does not support a reliable metabolism-boost claim.
- Scope
- Specific study populations and outcomes; no guaranteed weight loss or universal dose.
- Used by
- The weight-loss page uses the standard calculator estimate. Meal water is included within it.
Applied on: water-intake-for-weight-loss-calculator
Named sources
- Dennis et al., Obesity, 2010
Abstract: population, intervention, results and limitations of applicability
- Charrière et al., Nutrition & Diabetes, 2015
Results and Discussion: resting energy expenditure after water versus sham ingestion
Situational fluid planning
Site assumption — not a clinical recommendation · Editorial check 2026-09-05
Flight duration, hangover duration, sauna minutes and hours at altitude cannot establish an individual replacement dose. Water does not cure hangovers or altitude illness.
- Scope
- Container and timing planning with a user-selected volume, not prediction of losses or treatment.
- Used by
- No automatic hourly multiplier or electrolyte endorsement. The entered amount is divided into bottles and an average pace.
Applied on: flight-hydration-calculator · hangover-hydration-calculator · sauna-hydration-calculator · altitude-hydration-calculator · heat-hydration-calculator
Named sources
- NIAAA, Hangovers
What causes hangover symptoms; Are there any remedies?
- CDC Yellow Book, High-Altitude Travel and Altitude Illness
Prevention; acclimatization and treatment
- NHS, Dehydration
Things you can do; urgent advice and immediate action
- CDC/NIOSH, Heat Stress Recommendations
Hydration; work/rest schedules; acclimatization